est. 1852 · proven 1976 · re-proven 2005

Four colors. No more, no less.

TetraChroma Lab is a working notebook for the Four-Color Theorem — visual intuition, the 1,482 / 633 unavoidable configurations, MCMC experimentation, and the formal proofs that finally closed the gap.

Theorem

Every planar graph admits a proper 4-coloring.

Discharging identity

The total charge on a planar triangulation is fixed by Euler's formula.